Saint John the Apostle Born c. AD 6,, Died c. AD 100 (aged 93 or 94),, Roman Empire Venerated in Christianity 27 December (, ) 26 September () Book, a serpent in a chalice, cauldron, eagle Love, loyalty, friendships, authors, booksellers, burn-victims, poison-victims, art-dealers, editors, publishers, scribes, examinations, scholars, theologians John the Apostle (: ܝܘܚܢܢ ܫܠܝܚܐ‎ Yohanan Shliha;: יוחנן בן זבדי‬ Yohanan ben Zavdi;: Ἰωάννης;: Ioannes; c. AD 6-100) was one of the of according to the, which refers to him as Ἰωάννης.

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Generally listed as the youngest apostle, he was the son of and. His brother was, who was another of the Twelve Apostles. Although Christian tradition holds that he outlived the remaining apostles and that he was the only one to die of natural causes, some Christians, such as the, hold that John was translated: that is, that he would “live forever,” or until God saw fit to resurrect him (see John 21:20-23, NIV). The considered him the same person as,, John the Elder and the, although modern theologians and scholars have not formed a consensus on the relative identities of these men. The traditions of most Christian denominations have held that John the Apostle is the author of several books of the New Testament. Lamentation of the Virgin. John the Apostle trying to console Church tradition has held that John is the author of the and four other books of the New Testament — the three and the.

In the Gospel, authorship is internally credited to the ' ( ὁ μαθητὴς ὃν ἠγάπα ὁ Ἰησοῦς, o mathētēs on ēgapa o Iēsous) in. Claims that the Gospel of John is based on the written testimony of the 'Beloved Disciple'.

The authorship of some has been debated since about the year 200. Some [ ] doubt that the 'Gospel of John' was even written by an individual named 'John' (Ἰωάννης or יוחנן). Nevertheless, the notion of “John the Evangelist” exists, and is still considered by some the same as the Apostle John. In his, says that the and the are widely agreed upon as his.

However, Eusebius mentions that the consensus is that the second and third epistles of John are not his but were written by some other John. Eusebius also goes to some length to establish with the reader that there is no general consensus regarding the revelation of John. The revelation of John could only be what is now called the book of Revelation. The Gospel according to John differs considerably from the, which were likely written decades earlier. The supposedly requested him to write his gospel to deal with the heresy of the, who asserted that Christ did not exist before Mary. John probably knew and undoubtedly approved of the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, but these gospels spoke of Jesus primarily in the year following the imprisonment and death of.

Around 600, however, noted that “two epistles bearing his name. Are considered by some to be the work of a certain John the Elder” and, while stating that Revelation was written by John of Patmos, it was “later translated by Justin Martyr and Irenaeus,” presumably in an attempt to reconcile tradition with the obvious differences in Greek style. Until the 19th century, the authorship of the Gospel of John had been attributed to the Apostle John. However, most modern critical scholars have their doubts.

Some scholars place the Gospel of John somewhere between AD 65 and 85; [ ] proposes an initial edition by 50–55 and then a final edition by 65 due to narrative similarities with Paul.: pp.284,307 Other scholars are of the opinion that the Gospel of John was composed in two or three stages.: p.43 Most contemporary scholars consider that the Gospel was not written until the latter third of the first century AD, and with an earliest possible date of AD 75-80. “.a date of AD 75-80 as the earliest possible date of composition for this Gospel.” Other scholars think that an even later date, perhaps even the last decade of the first century AD right up to the start of the 2nd century (i.e. 90 - 100), is applicable.

Nonetheless, today many theological scholars continue to accept the traditional authorship. Kruse states that since John the Evangelist has been named consistently in the writings of early church fathers, “it is hard to pass by this conclusion, despite widespread reluctance to accept it by many, but by no means all, modern scholars.” The Gospel of John was written by an anonymous author. According to Paul N.

Anderson, the gospel “contains more direct claims to eyewitness origins than any of the other Gospel traditions.” argues that 19:35 contains an “emphatic and explicit claim to eyewitness authority.”, however, does not think the gospel claims to have been written by direct witnesses to the reported events. Book of Revelation [ ] The author of the identifies himself as “Ἰωάννης” (“John” in standard English translation) The early 2nd century writer,, was the first to equate the author of Revelation with John the Apostle. However, most biblical scholars now contend that these were separate individuals., an obscure figure in the early church, has also been identified with the seer of the Book of Revelation by such authors as in his Church History (Book III, 39) and.

John is considered to have been exiled to, during the persecutions under Emperor. Revelation 1:9 says that the author wrote the book on Patmos: “I, John, both your brother and companion in tribulation. Was on the island that is called Patmos for the word of God and for the testimony of Jesus Christ.”, a biblical scholar at, writes: Early tradition says that John was banished to Patmos by the Roman authorities. This tradition is credible because banishment was a common punishment used during the Imperial period for a number of offenses. Among such offenses were the practices of magic and astrology.

Prophecy was viewed by the Romans as belonging to the same category, whether Pagan, Jewish, or Christian. Prophecy with political implications, like that expressed by John in the book of Revelation, would have been perceived as a threat to Roman political power and order. Three of the islands in the were places where political offenders were banished.

(Pliny Natural History 4.69-70; Tacitus Annals 4.30) Some modern higher critical scholars have raised the possibility that John the Apostle, John the Evangelist, and John of Patmos were three separate individuals. These scholars assert that John of Patmos wrote Revelation but neither the Gospel of John nor the Epistles of John.

For one, the author of Revelation identifies himself as “John” several times, but the author of the Gospel of John never identifies himself directly. Some Catholic scholars state that “vocabulary, grammar, and style make it doubtful that the book could have been put into its present form by the same person(s) responsible for the fourth gospel.” References to John in the New Testament [ ]. Icon of the Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian, 18th century ( from the Church of the, Monastery.

Sons of thunder [ ] John the Apostle was the son of and the younger brother of (James the Greater). According to Church tradition, their mother was. Zebedee and his sons fished in the. The brothers were firstly disciples of. Jesus then called, and these two sons of Zebedee to follow him. James and John are listed among the Twelve Apostles. Jesus referred to the pair as 'Boanerges' (translated 'sons of thunder'); although their nature was calm and gentle, when their patience was pushed to its limits their anger became wild and thunderous causing them to speak out like an untamed storm.

A gospel story relates how the brothers wanted to call down heavenly fire on a town, but Jesus rebuked them. John lived more than half a century after the martyrdom of James, who was the first Apostle to die a martyr's death. Other references to John [ ]. Jesus and the Beloved Disciple The phrase the disciple whom Jesus loved (: ὁ μαθητὴς ὃν ἠγάπα ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ho mathētēs hon ēgapā ho Iēsous) or, in, the Beloved Disciple (: ὃν ἐφίλει ὁ Ἰησοῦς, hon ephilei ho Iēsous) is used five times in the, but in no other New Testament accounts of Jesus. Windows Xp Professional Download Kostenlos Vollversion Deutsch Chip more.

Claims that the Gospel of John is based on the written testimony of this disciple. The disciple whom Jesus loved is referred to, specifically, six times in John's gospel: • It is this disciple who, while reclining beside Jesus at the, asks Jesus, after being requested by to do so, who it is that will betray him. • Later at the, Jesus tells his, 'Woman, here is your son', and to the Beloved Disciple he says, 'Here is your mother.' • When discovers the empty tomb, she runs to tell the Beloved Disciple and Peter. The two men rush to the empty tomb and the Beloved Disciple is the first to reach the empty tomb.

However, Peter is the first to enter. • In, the last chapter of the, the Beloved Disciple is one of seven fishermen involved in the. • Also in the book's final chapter, after Jesus hints to Peter how Peter will die, Peter sees the Beloved Disciple following them and asks, 'What about him?' Jesus answers, 'If I want him to remain until I come, what is that to you?

You follow Me!' • Again in the gospel's last chapter, it states that the very book itself is based on the written testimony of the disciple whom Jesus loved. None of the other Gospels has anyone in the parallel scenes that could be directly understood as the Beloved Disciple.

For example, in, Peter alone runs to the tomb. Mark, Matthew and Luke do not mention any one of the twelve disciples having witnessed the crucifixion. There are also two references to an unnamed 'other disciple' in and, which may be to the same person based on the wording in. Extrabiblical traditions [ ]. John the Apostle, in,, near modern-day, Turkey. There is no information in the Bible concerning the duration of John's activity in.

According to tradition, John and the other Apostles remained some 12 years in this first field of labour. The under led to the scattering of the Apostles through the 's. A messianic community existed at before first labours there (cf.

'the brethren'), in addition to. The original community was under the leadership of (1 Corinthians 1:12). They were disciples of John the Baptist and were converted by Aquila and Priscilla.

According to Church tradition, after the, John went to Ephesus. From there he wrote the three epistles attributed to him. John was allegedly banished by the Roman authorities to the Greek island of, where, according to tradition, he wrote the. According to (in The Prescription of Heretics) John was banished (presumably to Patmos) after being plunged into boiling oil in Rome and suffering nothing from it. It is said that all in the audience of were converted to Christianity upon witnessing this miracle. This event would have occurred in the late 1st century, during the reign of the Emperor, who was known for his persecution of Christians. When John was aged, he trained who later became.

This was important because Polycarp was able to carry John's message to future generations. Polycarp taught, passing on to him stories about John. Similar goes with, who was a student of John and later appointed by to be the Bishop of Antioch. In, Irenaeus relates how Polycarp told a story of John, the disciple of the Lord, going to bathe at Ephesus, and perceiving within, rushed out of the without bathing, exclaiming, 'Let us fly, lest even the bath-house fall down, because, the enemy of the truth, is within.' It is traditionally believed that John was the youngest of the apostles and survived them. He is said to have lived to an old age, dying at Ephesus sometime after AD 98.

An alternative account of John's death, ascribed by later Christian writers to the early second-century bishop, claims that he was slain by the Jews. Most Johannine scholars doubt the reliability of its ascription to Papias, but a minority, including B.W. Bacon, and, maintain that these references to Papias are credible. Zahn argues that this reference is actually to. John's traditional tomb is thought to be located at, a small town in the vicinity of Ephesus. Liturgical commemoration [ ] The of Saint John in the, which calls him 'Saint John, Apostle and Evangelist', and in the and Lutheran Calendars, which call him 'Saint John the Apostle and Evangelist', is on 27 December.

In the he was commemorated also on each of the following days up to and including 3 January, the of the 27 December feast. This Octave was abolished by in 1955. The traditional liturgical color is white. Until 1960, another feast day which appeared in the General Roman Calendar is that of 'Saint John Before the Latin Gate' on May 6, celebrating a tradition recounted by Jerome that St John was brought to Rome during the reign of the Emperor Domitian, and was thrown in a vat of boiling oil, from which he was miraculously preserved unharmed. A church () dedicated to him was built near the of Rome, the traditional site of this event. The and those which follow the commemorate the 'Repose of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian' on September 26. On May 8 they celebrate the ' of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian', on which date Christians used to draw forth from his grave fine ashes which were believed to be effective for healing the sick.

Other Christians highly revere him but do not canonize or venerate saints. Other views [ ] Latter-day Saint view [ ] (LDS Church) teaches that John received the promise of immortality from Jesus Christ, as recorded in John 21:21–23 and the seventh chapter of the. It also teaches that in 1829, along with the resurrected Peter and the resurrected James, John visited and and restored the authority with to earth. John, along with the, will live to see the as. The LDS Church teaches that John the Apostle is the same person as John the Evangelist, John of Patmos, and the Beloved Disciple.

Islamic view [ ] The also speaks of Jesus's disciples but does not mention their names, instead referring to them as 'helpers to the work of God'. Muslim exegesis and Quran commentary, however, names them and includes John among the disciples. An old tradition, which involves the legend of, mentions that John was one of the three disciples sent to to preach to the people there. John the Apostle by, c. 1600 As he was traditionally identified with the beloved apostle, the evangelist, and the author of the Revelation and several Epistles, John played an extremely prominent role in art from the early Christian period onward. He is traditionally depicted in one of two distinct ways: either as an aged man with a white or gray beard, or alternatively as a beardless youth.

Carman Scan 1 Software Cardinality. The first way of depicting him was more common in, where it was possibly influenced by antique depictions of; the second was more common in the art of, and can be dated back as far as 4th century Rome. Legends from the Acts of John contributed much to Medieval iconography; it is the source of the idea that John became an apostle at a young age.

One of John's familiar attributes is the chalice, often with a serpent emerging from it. This symbol is interpreted as a reference to a legend from the Acts of John, in which John was challenged to drink a cup of poison to demonstrate the power of his faith (the poison being symbolized by the serpent). Other common attributes include a book or scroll, in reference to the writings traditionally attributed to him, and an eagle, which is argued to symbolize the high-soaring, inspirational quality of these writings.

In Medieval works of painting, sculpture and literature, Saint John is often presented in an androgynous or femininized manner. Historians have related such portrayals to the circumstances of the believers for whom they were intended. For instance, John's feminine features are argued to have helped to make him more relatable to women. Likewise, Sarah McNamer argues that because of his status as an androgynous saint, John could function as an 'image of a ' and 'a crucial figure with whom to identify' for male believers who sought to cultivate an attitude of, a highly emotional style of devotion that, in late-medieval culture, was thought to be poorly compatible with masculinity. After the Middle Ages, feminizing portrayals of Saint John continued to be made; a case in point is an etching by, shown to the right, described by art critic as depicting 'a softly androgynous creature with a corona of frizzy hair, small breasts like a teenage girl, and the round belly of a mature woman.' Gallery of art [ ] • John the Apostle •.